Europe’s Next Awakening: China – the enabler and hybrid actor
A Close-Up on Northern and Western Europe
Russia does not stand alone. Only weeks before the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Moscow and Beijing proclaimed a partnership “without limits” – and China has since become the decisive enabler of Russia’s war. Where Russia confronts, China cultivates.
The grey-zone toolkit is the same: disinformation, elite capture, cyber espionage and the deliberate creation of economic and technological dependencies. But China deploys it quietly, patiently and with far greater resources – exploiting the very openness of democratic societies and market economies.
This book examines how China is already projecting this threat across Northern and Western Europe – from undersea cables in the Baltic Sea to solar inverters in Germany, from Whitehall to the Faroe Islands – and sets out what Europe must do to prepare for a future in which Russian and Chinese pressure arrives at the same time.
Editor:
Anna Rennéus Guthrie, Director, Stockholm Free World Forum.
Contributing Authors:
Dr Una Aleksandra Bērziņa-Čerenkova (Latvia), Director, Latvian Institute of International Affairs & Head of the Global Studies Centre, Riga Stradins University.
Ferdinand A. Gehringer (Germany), Director and Lead Defense & Security, FTI Consulting Germany & Non-Resident Fellow, Institute for Security Policy, Kiel University.
Patrik Oksanen (Sweden), senior fellow, Stockholm Free World Forum.
Luke de Pulford (United Kingdom), founder and Executive Director, Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC).
Jeanette Serritzlev (Denmark), military analyst, Royal Danish Defence College.
Foreword by Gunnar Hökmark, Chairman of Stockholm Free World Forum, and afterword by Christine Leuchtenmüller, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Resident Representative to the Nordic Countries.
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